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Presently there are township plats and field notes for Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Alabama, Mississippi, Wisconsin, and parts of several other States. The surveys produced a large body of township plats and field notes, records that have great geographical, historical, and legal value. This system, which was institutionalized in 1812 by the establishment of the General Land Office, has been of immense importance in shaping the cultural landscape of the public domain lands that lie outside of the Thirteen Original States, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Texas.
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Public Land Surveys and Settlementĭuring the period 1785-87, the Seven Ranges of Ohio became the first tract of public land surveyed under the new rectangular land survey system. Geological Survey as the government's central mapping agency. The end of the era of preliminary exploration of the United States was symbolized by the establishment in 1879 of the U.S. After the Civil War, increasingly complex surveying and mapping projects were carried out by field parties under the supervision of Ferdinand V. During the two decades before the Civil War, Fremont and Warren, members of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, led expeditions that resulted in mapping much of the western part of the United States. Bonneville, Charles Wilkes, John Rodgers, John C. Prominent among Federal explorers who continued the work of Lewis and Clark were Zebulon M. The files of the Office of the Chief of Engineers in Record Group (RG) 77 and the Archives File of the Hydrographic Office (RG 37) contain the most important collections of Federal explorers' maps, many of which made major contributions to geographic knowledge. There were many other expeditions, however, and each made its contribution to filling in the map of the West or providing information about overseas areas considered vital to the interests of the United States. The Lewis and Clark Expedition was the earliest, and in many ways the most significant, of the great government-sponsored expeditions. Mapping Exploration and Scientific Surveys In appropriate contexts, record group numbers have been added in parentheses to facilitate reference to the specific NARA holdings under discussion. Some of the more significant holdings, grouped under the general functions or subject areas associated with their creation, are described below. These holdings are arranged in 190 record groups, which reflect the origins of the records in specific federal departments and agencies. NARA ensures continuing access to essential evidence that documents the rights of American citizens, the actions of Federal officials, and the national experience.Īmong the records in the Cartographic and Architectural Section (NWCSC) are over 15 million maps, charts, aerial photographs, architectural drawings, patents, and ships plans, constituting one of the world's largest accumulations of such documents. It enables officials and agencies to review their actions and helps citizens hold them accountable. NARA enables people to inspect for themselves the record of what government has done. Government and is responsible for preserving those records and making them available to the general public, government officials, and scholars. NARA is the official repository of the permanently valuable records made or accumulated by the U.S. The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) safeguards records on which the people of a democracy depend for the continuity, accountability, and credibility of their national institutions. Learn more about our Cartographic Records at College Park, Maryland